The History of Coffee
There were several famous people who, through personal sacrifice, managed to take some seeds or seedlings into the colonies in order to start cultivation. These included: Nicolaas Witson from Amsterdam, who tried to transplant some coffee plant in Java, in 1696, but failed in his enterprise.
On contrary, Henricus Zwaaydecroon succeeded in taking coffee plants from Malabar to Java in 1699, thus giving birth to the first plantation controlled by the Europeans. Also, Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, an officer of the French Navy, happened to be on leave in Paris between 1720 and 1723, and was able to obtain a small plant of coffee. During his entire travel from France to Martinique, he protected the plant with his life and it finally reached the island in good condition.
The arrival of coffee in the area that would later become the centre of the world production is due to the Dutch, who transported some plants to Suriname, on the north-eastern coast of South America. Little by little, plantations spread in different colonies and between 1727 and 1901 they were present in Brazil, Jamaica, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Mexico, Hawaii, Eastern Africa and going as far as Australia. The circle of history closes and, although Arabs had jealously guarded the secret of coffee, now coffee was present all over the world.
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