The Coffee plant
The Arabica plant is a shrub with dark, oval green leaves, whose fruits are also oval and contain two convex-shaped beans. The word Robusta derives from the most cultivated variety of the Coffea Canephora type: it is generally a strong shrub or a tree up to 10 m high. Its beans are oval and smaller than "arabica" ones.
Currently, Arabica represents approx. 70% of the world production of coffee, but the percentage of "robusta" is increasing due to improved harvests and also because this is a variety less subject to diseases, as opposed to the "arabica" type. Both the arabica and the robusta trees have their first harvest 3/4 years after sowing and are productive for 20/30 years.
They need an abundance of sun and rain, even if the arabica type prefers temperature between 15° and 24° C, whereas the robusta type prefers a more equatorial climate with warm temperatures between 24° and 29° C. If the temperature falls below zero, the harvest will be lost and the plants will suffer damage.
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